Modern pharmacology increasingly validates traditional plant medicines through rigorous scientific investigation, identifying active compounds and mechanisms of action. Approximately 25% of prescription drugs contain plant-derived ingredients, while countless others were synthesized based on plant compounds. Ethnobotanical researchstudying how cultures use plantsguides drug discovery by focusing scientific attention on plants with established therapeutic uses. Despite their importance, medicinal plant populations face severe threats from habitat destruction, overharvesting, and climate change. Over 60% of plant species used medicinally are harvested from the wild, with limited sustainable management practices. Conservation efforts include seed banking, cultivation programs, and developing alternative production methods like tissue culture and synthetic biology. The interconnected challenges of preserving traditional knowledge, protecting plant biodiversity, and ensuring equitable benefit sharing represent crucial aspects of maintaining these irreplaceable natural pharmacies for future generations. Shutdown123